Mortgage Glossary

 

Agreement of Purchase and Sale

 

The binding and legal contract between two parties: the purchaser and a seller. This document stipulates any contingencies that must occur before the contract becomes binding. We recommend that you have your offer prepared by a professional realtor, as they can use this contract to serve the basis of negotiation to protect you against restrictions or clauses that are not in your best interest.

 

Interest Adjustment Date (IAD)

 

The date on which interest will start to accrue on the mortgage. Often times the interest adjustment date and the first payment date are one in the same but sometimes they differ depending on the payment frequency you choose and the closing date. The interest cost from the interest adjustment date to the first payment date if they differ will accrue on the mortgage and be taken out with your first regularly scheduled payment.

 

Interest-Only Mortgage

 

A mortgage in which interest only payments are made for part or all of the term. The full principal remains outstanding until a new term is negotiated that will allow for a principal and interest only payment. With an interest only mortgage the payments are significantly lower, as it is not amortized and therefore no principal is being paid back.

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)

 

An organization that administers the National Housing Act. CMHC’s primary goals are to provide mortgage liquidity and to assist in affordable housing. They also insure mortgages for lenders that are greater than 80% of the purchase price or value of the home. The insurance premium is paid for by the borrower and capitalized into the mortgage known as a insured or High Ratio Mortgage.

 

Closing Date

 

The date on which a purchaser takes possession of the property purchased, the seller delivers the deed or transfers ownership to the buyer and the buyer pays the agreed-upon consideration.

 

Collateral

 

An asset offered as security to obtain a loan that will be forfeited in the event of a default.

Credit Score

 

A statistical number that lenders use to determine a borrower’s credit worthiness by evaluating their history in paying back balances on credit facilities. The higher the credit score the more trustworthy a borrower is considered.

 

Demand Loan

 

A loan that allows the lender to recall or request full repayment of the loan on short notice.

 

Purchase Deposit 

 

Is the money a purchaser gives to the seller held in trust by the listing real estate brokerage, lawyer or notary during the offer process to secure a property. If the purchaser does not meet the conditions stipulated in the purchase agreement by the condition of expiry date, then the seller must return the deposit to the purchaser. If the purchaser fails to meet the conditions set out in the purchase agreement after the conditional period has expired, then the purchaser forgoes their deposit and is kept by the seller for compensation due to the breach of contract.

Home Equity 

 

This is the portion of the property you truly own and the difference between the home's fair market value and the outstanding balance of all liens on the property.

 

Gross Debt Service Ratio

 

A measure that financial lenders use to assess the proportion of housing debt that a borrower is paying in comparison to their income. This ratio includes the mortgage payments, property taxes, approximate heating costs and maintenance fees if applicable. A lenders measure of affordability as it relates the Gross Debt Service Ratios is 39.00%. This is determined by taking the housing expenses listed above and dividing it by the total gross annual income.

 

Guarantor 

 

A guarantor is someone who is guaranteeing the borrowers with repay the mortgage and is legally responsible if the borrowers fall behind with their payments. A guarantor has a high degree of credit worthiness and at the very least, a satisfactory income.  

High Ratio Mortgage 

 

A high-ratio mortgage is a loan that is above 80% Loan to Value and up to 95% of the purchase price or appraised value of the home, whichever is less. This means that the down payment requirement will be between 5%-19.99%. Federal government regulations stipulate that these mortgages must be insured against default. 

 

Home Equity Line of Credit

 

A personal line of credit secured against the home that can be arranged up to 65% of the purchase price or appraised value of the home or a combined 80% of the purchase price or appraised value with a mortgage component(s).

 

Mortgage

 

A mortgage is a loan in which property or real estate is used as collateral.  The borrower(s) is obliged to pay back with a predetermined set of payments. Once the debt is paid, the lender discharges the lien on the property.

Open Mortgage

 

An open mortgage is a loan that carries a term and a rate that’s either variable or fixed but can be paid off or transferred to another lender at anytime with no breakage penalty. The rates for an open mortgage are much higher than a closed mortgage because of the potential for the lender to lose the mortgage in a short period of time. This option would only be warranted if there was a high probability that the home would be sold within one year or there was an opportunity to pay off the mortgage entirely before the term is complete. 

 

P.I.T.

 

Principal, interest & tax on a mortgage. Property taxes can be included in the mortgage payment and remitted by the lender on the borrower’s behalf.  

 

Portable Mortgage

 

A portable mortgage is a lender mortgage feature that allows a borrower to transfer their mortgage balance along with the same terms and conditions to a new property with the same lender without penalties. This is a great option if your current rate is much lower than the current rates and will allow you to maximize on your total savings. 

Refinance

 

Refinancing a mortgage means paying off an existing loan and replacing it with a new one releasing any existing legal claims or liens on the property. The total outstanding mortgage balance including any other debts secured against the cannot exceed 80% of the current property value. Refinancing purposes are to consolidate debt, get a lower interest rate, change the mortgage term or access home equity. 

 

Fixed Rate Mortgage

 

With a fixed-rate mortgage, the interest rate is set for the term of the mortgage, so that the monthly payment of principal and interest remains the same throughout the term. The available fixed mortgage terms are 1,2,3,4,5,7 & 10 year. Regardless of whether rates move up or down, you know exactly how much your payments will be and this simplifies your personal budgeting.

 

Variable Rate Mortgage

 

A variable rate mortgage is based on the banks prime rate (which is currently 3.95%), in which a bank discount is given from that. A variable rate is adjusted immediately when there is a bank prime rate increase or decrease. With most prime lenders and banks, the ratio between principal and interest will change up or down changing the total amount of the payment. This mortgage is fully convertible at any time without any cost to the borrower. This means that borrower will have the ability to flip this mortgage into a fixed rate at anytime no penalty into a term equal to a greater than the existing term that they’re in. 95% financing is permitted with this product.

Total Debt Service Ratio

 

This is the lenders measure of borrower affordability. What lenders are looking for is the proportion of gross income that is already spent on housing-related, all other debt obligations and similar payments. What’s included in the calculation is property taxes, heating costs, and maintenance fees and any other monthly obligations (i.e. personal loans, car payments, lines of credit and credit card balances. They then take the sum of these amount and divide it by the gross annual income of the applicants. A Total Debt Service Ratio of up to 44% is acceptable.

 

Mortgage Term 

 

A mortgage term is the length of time usually in years over which the parameters of the mortgage have legal effect and the borrower agrees to repay the mortgage. Mortgage terms range for 1 to 5, 7 & 10 years. The mortgage interest rate is set for the term and renegotiated after the term is complete. 

 

Mortgage Renewal

 

A mortgage renewal is when your current mortgage term comes to end and you’re free to either pay off your mortgage entirely without penalty, renegotiate a new term with your existing mortgage provider or transfer your mortgage to another lender for a better rate and more favourable terms. Mortgage renewal time is a time to negotiate a better rate with your existing mortgage provider but also an opportunity to assess your financial situation to ensure your product is still suitable and you’re maximizing on your interest savings. During this time, you will receive an early renewal agreement from your mortgage provider 1 - 6 months before the renewal date. We will review this renewal offer and provide you with a bottom line rate offer and most suitable mortgage product with the ability to lock this down 120 days before your renewal date.

Prepayment Penalty

 

A prepayment penalty is a fee that the lender charges a borrower who pre-pays their mortgage above what is allotted or breaks their mortgage before the term is complete. Lender breakage penalties are the greater of 3 months interest penalty of IRD (Interest Rate Differential)

 

Second Mortgage

 

A second mortgage is a debt on a property that is second to a first mortgage which is considered a typical mortgage. A Home Equity Line of Credit is also considered a second mortgage. 

 
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